環境試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設備(bei)品種繁多，但使(shi)用*泛的(de)環境試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設備(bei)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、低(di)溫(wen)、濕熱(re)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)箱，而現今比較流行是集合了高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、低(di)溫(wen)、濕熱(re)為(wei)一體的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)箱—冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機，它的(de)修理難度(du)較其它環境試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設備(bei)大(da)，且具(ju)有代表性(xing)。下面就冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機為(wei)例，談一談冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機的(de)構造及一些常(chang)見故障和排除方法。

　　（一）、常見冷熱沖擊試(shi)驗機的構造

　　試驗人員除正確(que)按操(cao)作(zuo)規程操(cao)作(zuo)，還(huan)應(ying)該對其(qi)結構(gou)有(you)所(suo)了解。冷(leng)(leng)熱(re)沖擊試驗機由箱體(ti)、風循(xun)(xun)環系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、加(jia)溫系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和控濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成。風循(xun)(xun)環系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)可調節送(song)風方向的結構(gou);加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)有(you)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鍋爐(lu)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)的和表面(mian)蒸發二種(zhong);降溫、去(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)空調工況制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)結構(gou);加(jia)熱(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電熱(re)鰭片加(jia)熱(re)和電爐(lu)絲直接加(jia)熱(re)二種(zhong)結構(gou);溫濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)測試方法(fa)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)干濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球測試方法(fa)，也有(you)用(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)傳感(gan)器(qi)直接測量方法(fa);控制(zhi)和顯示操(cao)作(zuo)界面(mian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)溫濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)分開獨立和溫濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)組合控制(zhi)器(qi)等方式(shi)。

　　（二）冷熱沖擊(ji)試驗(yan)機的一(yi)些常見故障及排除方法

　　1.在(zai)高溫(wen)試(shi)驗中，如溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化達(da)不到試(shi)驗溫(wen)度(du)(du)值時，可以檢查(cha)電器(qi)系(xi)統，逐(zhu)一(yi)排除(chu)故障(zhang)。如溫(wen)度(du)(du)升得很慢，就要(yao)查(cha)看風循環(huan)系(xi)統，看一(yi)下風循環(huan)的(de)(de)調節(jie)擋板是否開啟正(zheng)常，反之，就檢查(cha)風循環(huan)的(de)(de)電機運轉是否正(zheng)常。如溫(wen)度(du)(du)過(guo)沖厲害那么就需要(yao)整定PID的(de)(de)設置參(can)數。如果溫(wen)度(du)(du)直接上升，過(guo)溫(wen)保護(hu)，那么，控制器(qi)出故障(zhang)，須(xu)更換(huan)控制儀表。

　　2.低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)達不(bu)到試(shi)驗的(de)(de)指標(biao)，那你就要(yao)觀察溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)變化，是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度降(jiang)的(de)(de)很(hen)慢，還是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度到一定值后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度有回升的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢，前(qian)者(zhe)就要(yao)檢查一下(xia)，做低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗前(qian)是(shi)(shi)否將工(gong)作室(shi)烘(hong)干，使工(gong)作室(shi)保持干燥(zao)后(hou)再將試(shi)驗樣品放(fang)(fang)(fang)入工(gong)作室(shi)內(nei)(nei)再做試(shi)驗，工(gong)作室(shi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗樣品是(shi)(shi)否放(fang)(fang)(fang)置的(de)(de)過(guo)多(duo)，使工(gong)作室(shi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)風不(bu)能充分循環(huan)，在(zai)排除上述(shu)原因后(hou)，就要(yao)考慮是(shi)(shi)否是(shi)(shi)制冷系統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)故(gu)障了(le)，這樣就要(yao)請廠家的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業人員(yuan)進行(xing)檢修。后(hou)者(zhe)的(de)(de)現象(xiang)是(shi)(shi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)使用環(huan)境不(bu)好所致，設備(bei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置的(de)(de)環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度，放(fang)(fang)(fang)置的(de)(de)位置（箱體后(hou)與(yu)墻的(de)(de)距離）要(yao)滿足要(yao)求（在(zai)設備(bei)操作使用說明中(zhong)都(dou)有規定）。

　　3.在做濕(shi)(shi)(shi)熱試驗中(zhong)(zhong)，出現實際濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)會達到100%或(huo)者實際濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)與目標濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)相(xiang)差很大，數(shu)值(zhi)低(di)得很多，前者的(de)(de)現象(xiang)：可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)紗布(bu)干燥引(yin)起，那(nei)就要(yao)檢查濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)是(shi)(shi)由一(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)動控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)，查水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)正(zheng)常(chang)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種可(ke)能就是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球紗布(bu)因使(shi)(shi)用時間(jian)長，或(huo)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)純凈度(du)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，會使(shi)(shi)紗布(bu)變硬(ying)，使(shi)(shi)紗布(bu)無法(fa)吸收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份而干燥，只(zhi)要(yao)更(geng)換或(huo)清洗紗布(bu)即可(ke)排除以上(shang)現象(xiang)。后者的(de)(de)現象(xiang)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)不工作，查看(kan)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)，供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)內(nei)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量，控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)鍋爐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang)，加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)鍋爐內(nei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang)。如以上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切都正(zheng)常(chang)，那(nei)就要(yao)檢查電器(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)，這要(yao)請專(zhuan)業維(wei)修(xiu)人員進行檢修(xiu)。

　　4.設備(bei)在試(shi)(shi)驗運行(xing)過程中(zhong)突然出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)時，控制儀表上出(chu)現(xian)對(dui)應的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)顯示(shi)提(ti)示(shi)并(bing)有聲訊報警提(ti)示(shi)。操(cao)(cao)作人員可(ke)以對(dui)照設備(bei)的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作使用中(zhong)的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)排(pai)除(chu)一(yi)章中(zhong)快速檢查出(chu)屬于哪一(yi)類故(gu)障(zhang)，即可(ke)請馥勒專業技術(shu)人員快速排(pai)除(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)，以確保試(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)正常進行(xing)。其它環(huan)境試(shi)(shi)驗設備(bei)在使用中(zhong)還會有其它的(de)(de)現(xian)象，那就要具體現(xian)象，具體分析(xi)和排(pai)除(chu)。